Dados do Trabalho

Título

Sleep pattern and Metabolic Syndrome in young adults: data from the Epidemiological Sleep Study (EPISONO)

Introdução

During the last decades, both sleep pattern and eating habits have undergone significant changes in the daily life of society, contributing to chronic degenerative diseases. These changes lead to an increased risk of obesity and development of Metabolic Syndrome.

Objetivo

To investigate the association between Metabolic Syndrome and sleep pattern in adults.

Métodos

Data were obtained from the Epidemiological Sleep Study (EPISONO), which evaluated the sleep pattern of a representative sample of Sao Paulo (Brazil), in 2007. Among 1,042 individuals, 452 aged between 20 and 45 years were selected, considering age with the lowest prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome. Research participants were allocated into 2 groups: 345 in control group, who did not present any risk for Metabolic Syndrome, and 107 in the Metabolic Syndrome group, who presented at least 3 of the 5 criteria for the diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome, according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, biochemical tests and overnight polysomnography were evaluated.

Resultados

Compared to the control group, the Metabolic Syndrome group showed a significant increase in N1 sleep stage, longer wakefulness after sleep onset, and a higher apnea and hypopnea index. There was a positive correlation between the presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the Metabolic Syndrome, with an incidence of apnea of 8.8% in the control group and 56.1% in the Metabolic Syndrome group. Regarding the biochemical markers, the Metabolic Syndrome group presented high level of HOMA-IR, C-Reactive Protein, LDL, triglycerides, and blood glucose, and decreased HDL values, when compared to the control group.

Conclusões

Metabolic Syndrome was linked with a high incidence of apnea and hypopnea index, worsening in the sleep quality and pattern, and enhanced of inflammatory conditions. Our data demonstrate that Metabolic Syndrome significantly associated with sleep patterns even in young adults. The search for prevention and health maintenance is relevant to avoid the progression of chronic diseases with age.

Palavras -chave

Sleep, Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, Polysomnography.