Dados do Trabalho

Título

Comparative study of sleep patterns between healthy individuals and those with Parkinson’s disease.

Introdução

Sleep-related complaints are common in individuals with Parkinson´s disease (PD). Polysomnography is an objective way of assessing sleep structures, allowing for sleep disturbances to be quantified.

Objetivo

To compare the structure and sleep disturbances between healthy individuals and those with PD using polysomnography type I (PSG-I).

Métodos

This is a cross-sectional study with data collected from the medical records of healthy controls and idiopathic PD individuals, with sleep related complaints, submitted to the PSG-I exam, beginning in 2015 at the Sarah Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Resultados

This study analyzed data from 56 controls (25 men and 31 women) and 98 individuals with PD (59 men and 39 women), aged 51 (±9.5) and 65.6 (±10) years, upon the application of PSG-I, respectively (p<0.001). The time of PD was 6.3 (±4) years. Regarding associated diseases, systemic arterial hypertension was more prevalent in this group (p=0.005). Regarding sleep characteristics, our study found an increase in waking hours (p<0.001), a decrease in total sleep time (p<0.001) and sleep efficiency (p<0.001), and an increase in REM sleep latency (p=0.041). The apnea/hypopnea index in REM sleep (p=0.033), the presence of REM sleep behavioral disorder (p<0.001), as well REM without atony (p<0.001) were more common in the PD group. No difference was identified between the groups regarding the use of antidepressants (p=0.857), antipsychotics (p=0.999), and sleep inducers (p=0.555). A correlation was found between age at the time of PSG-I in individuals with PD and total sleep time (rs=-0.299, p=0.003) and the number of micro-arousals related to limb movements (rs=-0.312, p=0.002). A correlation was also found between the PD time and the percentage of N2 (rs=0.251, p=0.013), N3 (rs=-0.251, p=0.013), and REM sleep latency (rs=0.234, p=0.021).

Conclusões

Individuals with PD showed greater impairment in the structural characteristics of sleep when compared to the control group, in addition to a higher prevalence of sleep disorders. The age of the individual with PD when the PSG-I was applied and the duration of the disease influenced the severity of these changes. The performance of PSG-I is extremely important for the detection of changes in the macro/microstructures of sleep in individuals with PD, which can facilitate the understanding of the prognosis and guide clinical management.

Palavras -chave

PARKINSON’S DISEASE; SLEEP DISORDERS; REM BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; POLYSOMNOGRAPHY; SLEEP COMPLAINTS